Free Soliloquies Essay - Othello’s Soliloquy :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Analysis of Othellos Soliloquy During Othellos soliloquy in guesswork 3, ll. 299-318, Shakespeare uses the literary devices of imagery, symbolism, and antithesis to develop the state of mind of Othello during this strenuous time in his life. Othello, who seems to intrinsically believe that as a public figure he is fate to be unsuccessful at wedding, is torn between his get it on for Desdemona and the possibility that she is having an affair with Michael Cassio. This particular passage comes at a juncture after he denies that this could be true, and before he is finally convinced of his wifes infidelity. The fact that Othello is wavering between believing Iago and trusting his wife is reflected in the imagery Shakespeare uses in the soliloquy. The branch image that is used is that of a falcon. Lines 301-304 read If I do prove her haggard, / Though that her jesses were my dear heartstrings, / Id whistle her off and let her overthrow the wind to prey at fortune. This shows that O thello is still unsure ab fall out Desdemona, and claims that though he is in love with Desdemona, he would drop her if he found out she was cheating. This is quite a strong willed statement, but it is diminished by lines 319-320, which follow the entrance of Desdemona and Emilia into the chamber. Othello says, If she be false, heaven mocks itself / Ill not believe t. This is an framework of how turbulent Othellos state of mind is. The steadfast determination expressed using the falcon image sort of melts when he sees Desdemona, and he immediately professes disaffirmation that she could be untrue to him. Yet, just ten lines earlier (l. 308), Othello says, Shes gone I am abused and proceeds to lament the very institution of marriage O cure of marriage, ? That we can call these delicate creatures ours / And not their appetites Shakespeares placing of these three different conclusions Othello has drawn in such close proximity is an lawsuit of antithesis, and a testament to the chang ing and chaotic state of mind of Othello. Additional symbols are used in the soliloquy which exemplify this as well. In lines 311-314, he says I had rather be a toad / And live upon the vapor of a dungeon / Than to keep in the corner the thing I love / For others uses.

Catcher in the Rye - Holden Caulfield as a Modern Day Odysseus Essay

Catcher in the Rye - Holden Caulfield as a Modern Day Odysseus       Years ago, a man named home run wrote The Odyssey. It told about King Odysseus of Ithacas mystical and perilous adventure home after the Trojan War. An odyssey can simply be defined as an adventure. Holden Caulfield, the main character in Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, had an odyssey of his own. On his adventure in New York City, Holden encountered many tests and learning experiences.   To begin with, was the encounter with Maurice and Sunny. On his return to the hotel from Ernies, Holden met Maurice, the elevator operator. He asked Holden if he was, Innarested in a little tail tnight? (Salinger 152). Holden had been lonely all night, so he quickly and without thinking answered yes. He went back to his room to unsex ready. Here is Holdens first test. He is sixteen and he is about to lose his virginity to a prostitute. He greeted her at the door, and she questioned his age. They ha d a small conversation, and all of a explosive she just took off her dress. He told her...

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Sherlock Holmes Is a detective who solves mysteries.Watson Is detective Sherlock Holmes partner.Helen Stoner A woman who wants Sherlock Holmes to solves the mystery of her twin sister Julias death.Julia Stoner Helen Stoners twin sister who mysteriously died the shadow before her wedding day.Dr. Grimsby Roy Lott Is Helen and Julias stepfather who had a dark reputation with murder and doing bad things to people and some how keep getting away with it.Mrs. Farintosh A friend of Ms. Helen Stoner who told her ab come forth where she could find Sherlock Holmes for help.Mrs. Stoner Roylott Is Helen and Julias baffle who espouse Dr. Roylott when her daughters were two years old. And died eight years afterwards.Ms. Honoria Westphail Is Mrs. Stoner Roylott maiden sister and Helen and Julias aunt. Whom Julia visited her every now an then but always at Christmas.This point takes place in England where a woman by the name of Helen Stoner. When she and her twin sister Julia were only two. The ir mother met a man named Dr. Grimsby Roylott. A short conviction afterwards Helen and Julias mother Mrs. Stoner married Mr. Roylott. Mrs. Roylott died eight years after they were married. The two girls had to go live with their stepfather Mr. Roylott in Stroke Moran, England.Who inherited their mothers money and the only way they could get their share of the money was after they married. As the twins got older their stepfather got meaner. At one point he had killed one of his butlers with his bear hands and then he got off Scott free. Mr. Roylott got away with a lot of things because of his bad reputation. Julia was the first to get engaged. But when Dr. Roylott found out about the engagement he tried to do everything in his power to make Julia end her engagement. But she didnt agree. So the day before her wedding, that night she went to talk with her sister Helen because she was so excited that she couldnt sleep. After their talk she finally went to bed. Mysteriously Helen heard her sister voice. So Helen got out of her bed and went to cultivate on Julia. Julias door was open but that was unusual, because it is normally locked. She walked in and there she saw her sister with a frighten look of terror on her face. She ran to her and grabbed her, but Julias legs got weak and she fell to her knees and died.

The Freedom of Information Essay -- Technology Computers Essays

The Freedom of Information There atomic number 18 different kinds of freedoms freedom of expression, of opinion, of speech, of information, to copy, to own and to read, and freedom from interference and observation. This look for is an ethical analysis of the freedom of information in the new Internet era and how the new technology should be implemented globally as a universal human right. Not so many years ago, I still remember in High School my explore with books, magazines, and newspapers as the wholly resources to get information. When I did my undergraduate thesis in Direct Reduced Iron, I could get information thanks to my brother in law right away from the company that owns the technology. It is not possible to get all the information that you want from the Internet, because some(a) are confidential documents or data with personal information, but at that place are people that find ways to access information illegally that is not bold to the general public. These people called Hackers are not acting morally, because they are not respecting the peoples rights of privacy. This case is not included in the freedom of information mentioned in this research, but the issue itself is affecting in some way the freedom of information.Global Information InfrastructureSomething that brought my attention to this subject was the speech of the Vice President Al Gore in 1994 at the foreign Telecommunications Union Conference about his determination for the creation of a network of networks to all members of our societies and his ethical analysis in Global Information Infrastructure (GII). The political program was based on five principlesEncourage private investment Promote competition Create a flexible regulatory framework Provide open access to the network Ensure universal service Now in 2003 we can see the tremend us benefits of GII in all the countries where it has been implemented. When I started to do this research I didnt realize all the advances in com munications this commitment made. Most of these advances were in the telecommunications exertion with private investments and free competition in an industry that was in the past a monopoly. Each country has their own laws in telecommunications, and it is a universal right from an ethical point of view that each single(a) around the world has to have some kind of access to get information. Lets say a li... ...f the person is literate or illiterate. Endnotes1 Deborah G. Johnson and Helen Nissenbaum, Computers, morality & Social Values (New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995), 621.2 John Weckert and Douglas Adeney, Computer and Information Ethics (Westport Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1997), 32.3 Johnson and Nissenbaum, 622.4 Motivating a Human Rights Perspective on Access to meshing The Human Right to Communicate. CPSR Newsletter Vol. 18, Number 3.6 June2003 http//www.cpsr.org/publications/newsletter/issues/2000/Summer2000/mciver.html5 Richard A. Spinello, Case Studies in Inf ormation and Computer Ethics (New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1997), 249.BibliographyHester, D. Micah, and Paul J. Ford. Computers and Ethics in the Cyberage. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001.Johnson, Deborah G. Computer Ethics. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985.Johnson, Deborah G. and Helen Nissenbaum. Computers, Ethics & Social Values. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995.Spinello, Richard A. Case Studies in Information and Computer Ethics. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1997.Weckert, John and Douglas Adeney. Computer and Information Ethics. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1997.

Deforestation of The Pacific Northwest Essay -- Environmental Endanger

disforestation of the Pacific Northwest One of the most disputable areas associated with the global problemof deforestation is the Pacific Northwest of the US. The problem can be broken down into several issues that all tie in together. These embarrass the nearextinction of the Northern Spotted Owl, the business aspect of enter versusthe environmental aspect, and the role of the political relation in this problem. In 1973, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed. This enabled theDept. of vocation and Dept. of the Interior to place species, either land ormarine, as either threatened or endangered. under these terms species could nolonger be hunted, collected, injure or killed. The northern spotted owl fallsunder the more serious condition of beingness endangered. Also, the bill forbidsfederal maturatencies to fund or lift out any activity that would threaten thespecies or its habitat. It is the latter part of the bill that causes thecontroversy. Under the ESA, l oggers should non be allowed to cut down the grizzly- issue of the forest. The old growth of a forest includes the largest andoldest trees, living or dead. In the case of the North Coast forests, thisincludes or so thousand-year-old stands with heights above three-hundred feet anddiameters of more than ten feet. In 1990, the number of spotted owls dropped to 2000 breeding pairs. Thepreservation of any species contributes to the biodiversity of an area. In anecosystem, the absence of one species creates unfavorable conditions for theothers. The absence of the spotted owl could have a crucial effect on theNorth Coast forest ecosystem. In order to send the owl race in the rightdirection, the major problem for their dip would have to be remedied lossof habitat. This fact combined with the owls short life expectancy and late ageof breeding only exacerbates the problem. When loggers remove old growth theowl overlooks habitat for its food, housing, as well as protection from p redators.Approximately ninety percent of the forests in the Pacific Northwest havealready been harvested. In order to protect the current owl population, theremaining forests would have to be preserved, but this would have a seriousnegative economical effect. Such a decision would effect jobs, regional economy,as well as the lifestyle of loggers. With such a... ...siness. In some(a) cases, the money subsidizes the largecompanies for things such as logging roads in order to keep the cost of paperand other tree products down. These same companies send out their lumber to Japanfor milling onwards they are sold back to the United States at a higher price.Not only does the public lose money in this process but it cost Americans anumber of jobs. On the other hand, agencies have made efforts to preventdeforestation. Members of the Forest Service amend not only the largecompanies, but the mystic landowners as well. It is the private owners who ownsixty percent if the forests being harv ested. By helping to show how hidebound forestry techniques can be made efficient as well as moreprofitable, they are helping to diminish the rate of deforestation. If moremoney was spent on research and the spread of new and separate techniques, thenthe taxpayers money would be better spent. In conclusion, there are severalaspects of deforestation in the Pacific Northwest that need to be evaluatedbefore the situation becomes irreversible. If the current harvesting techniquescontinue, our children will be missing more than the spotted owl. Deforestation of The Pacific Northwest Essay -- Environmental Endanger Deforestation of the Pacific Northwest One of the most controversial areas associated with the global problemof deforestation is the Pacific Northwest of the US. The problem can be brokendown into several issues that all tie in together. These include the nearextinction of the Northern Spotted Owl, the business aspect of logging versusthe environmental as pect, and the role of the government in this problem. In 1973, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed. This enabled theDept. of Commerce and Dept. of the Interior to place species, either land ormarine, as either threatened or endangered. Under these terms species could nolonger be hunted, collected, injured or killed. The northern spotted owl fallsunder the more serious condition of being endangered. Also, the bill forbidsfederal agencies to fund or carry out any activity that would threaten thespecies or its habitat. It is the latter part of the bill that causes thecontroversy. Under the ESA, loggers should not be allowed to cut down the old-growth of the forest. The old growth of a forest includes the largest andoldest trees, living or dead. In the case of the North Coast forests, thisincludes some thousand-year-old stands with heights above three-hundred feet anddiameters of more than ten feet. In 1990, the number of spotted owls dropped to 2000 breeding pairs. Thep reservation of any species contributes to the biodiversity of an area. In anecosystem, the absence of one species creates unfavorable conditions for theothers. The absence of the spotted owl could have a significant effect on theNorth Coast forest ecosystem. In order to send the owl population in the rightdirection, the major problem for their decline would have to be remedied lossof habitat. This fact combined with the owls short life expectancy and late ageof breeding only exacerbates the problem. When loggers remove old growth theowl loses habitat for its food, housing, as well as protection from predators.Approximately ninety percent of the forests in the Pacific Northwest havealready been harvested. In order to protect the current owl population, theremaining forests would have to be preserved, but this would have a seriousnegative economical effect. Such a decision would effect jobs, regional economy,as well as the lifestyle of loggers. With such a... ...siness. In some case s, the money subsidizes the largecompanies for things such as logging roads in order to keep the cost of paperand other tree products down. These same companies ship their lumber to Japanfor milling before they are sold back to the United States at a higher price.Not only does the public lose money in this process but it costs Americans anumber of jobs. On the other hand, agencies have made efforts to preventdeforestation. Members of the Forest Service educate not only the largecompanies, but the private landowners as well. It is the private owners who ownsixty percent if the forests being harvested. By helping to show howconservative forestry techniques can be made efficient as well as moreprofitable, they are helping to diminish the rate of deforestation. If moremoney was spent on research and the spread of new and better techniques, thenthe taxpayers money would be better spent. In conclusion, there are severalaspects of deforestation in the Pacific Northwest that need to be eval uatedbefore the situation becomes irreversible. If the current harvesting techniquescontinue, our children will be missing more than the spotted owl.

Digital Film Technology Revolutionizes the Film Industry Essay

Digital Film Technology Revolutionizes the Film Industry With the release of angiotensin converting enzyme Wars Episode I the Phantom Menace, in March of 1999, digital movie engine room officially filtered itself in to main-stream Hollywood. Digital film technology is the latest and in all probability most revolutionizing new technology to hit Hollywood.The use of digital film allows for infinite editing capabilities and endless benefits to distribution and special effects.The use of digital film allows for producers to add in extras, produce stunts, and even create false people with the click of a mouse.Time and cost consuming stunts, stunt doubles, and actors may no longer be a worthy concern to producers and their budgets.Though the growing popularity of digital film technology gradually replaces these actors and on-screen jobs, this new technology is actually creating more jobs than it destroys. The use of digital film first began to make its way into Hollywood in special effects scenes.For example, in Forest Gump, released in 1994 by Paramount Pictures, a few scenes be enhanced with this technology. In a scene which actor Gary Senise loses his legs, producer Robert Zemeckis did his best to manipulate the film to show the actor with no legs. Using digital film technology, visual effects supervisor, Ken Ralston explains how they mastered this technique. Ralston explains, Gary looked like he had no legs because we eliminated them. We had Gary wear blue screen stockings oer his feet and discredit legs that tucked into the ends of his pants. We did blank plate passes of each location to add a back to the information Farys lower legs clocked. After we removed his lower legs, we did some 3-D work and added shadows to m... ...nd film. While digital technology revolutionizes the film industry, the film industrys job market is also revolutionizing.The few jobs befuddled from taking a fall out a window, or walking down a street will be replaced by business and technology jobs related to digital film. New jobs will arise from switching to a digital format. The changes spurred by digital film technology and digital projection are mostly positive. This transition will be a benefit to Hollywood, and the mainstream business world. Works CitedChinnock, Chris. Lights Camera Action Its the Dawn of the Digital Cinema. electronic Design.. Aug 9, 1999Cringley, Robert. Hollywood Goes Digital. Forbes. 12/7/92. McQuire, Scott. Digital Dialects The Paradox of Cinema in a Studio without Walls. . Historical Journal of Film. Aug 99

Brief History Essay

Iran, or what is formally called as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a rich culture get-go out since 8000 B.C. (Ladjevardian par. 2). The historic trends that transpired since then up to the present has had a lot to do with the political turm anoint which the country has experienced. The economy and the culture of Iran were greatly influenced by these changes wars within and outside the country were also great factors to the countrys history.The beginning of the 20th century had positive changes for Iran after centuries of different dynasties. The Pahlavi Dynasty during the 1920s, which was also the hold water dynasty to rule Iran, constructed road infrastructures and initiated land reforms education was also opened for women during this time. In 1946, Iran had a taste of freedom from the Soviet Union and in 1951, passed a impartiality to take the Oil industry from the British control (Ladjevardian par. 73). The country experienced a sudden economic growth in 1963-1973 and during this time that public and educational institutions were further improved. By 1973, Iran was earning about $20 billion a year (Ladjevardian par. 76) from its Oil revenues.The Supreme Leaders determination to modernize Iran instantly, backed up by the rapid economic growth, created pressure on the administration which eventually led to economic turmoil such as inflation, corruption, and annex authoritarianism by the Supreme Leader. Moreover, numerous social and political problems continued to emerge that needed to be dealt with. In 1978, the economic growth of Iran slowed down the Supreme Leader was overthrown and since then, the brass of Iran became a theocratic republic from 1980-1988, Iran fought against Iraq.The economic loss repayable to the war caused a lot of problems to Iran. Furthermore, the population of the country increased tremendously and has resulted to increase in unemployment. Communication and transportation and education and public institutions were also needed to be recovered.Irans Economy and ResourcesIran remained to be a country dependent on its oil industry its earnings comprise the 70% of its government revenues (Economy of Iran par. 1). Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased from 34M Iranian rial in 1990 to 1.7B in 2005, partly due to said industrys earnings. The oil industrys role to the economy of Iran proves to be of utmost importance since this is the main export of the country. It includes petroleum, chemical and petrochemical products different exports of Iran are from their agricultural and service sectors products such as fruits and nuts, cars, carpet and technical services.Though Irans GDP increased tremendously over the years, the countrys economic problems such as inflation and unemployment remain to be the two most impediments to the countrys growth.Economic IssuesKhalaji (par. 3) reports that inflation in Iran reached 19% in 2008. This figure was reportedly to have been due, in part, to the increasing corruption in the country. This puts the country in a difficult situation as inflation translates to increase in goods prices and corruption leads to more political and social chaos. The increase in the goods prices lead to more importation as goods from other countries appear relatively cheaper.Inasmuch as the said problem makes the countrys situation appalling, the unemployment problem further worsens it. This was due to the increasing population which has not been backed up with increase in job offerings. Iranians pursue to work outside the country instead leading to the reportedly brain drain.It has been said that the historic trends in Iran was greatly affected by the political turmoil in the country, and that economic and cultural changes were also affected by it. The economic issues in Iran have then put the country in a social dilemma. The oil industry is not enough to sustain the countrys needs. Irans lack of resources to provide for its citizens sustenance require trade from other cou ntries. This is where the importance of trade comes in.Gross Domestic ProductGDP of a country is an indicator of the economic growth. The national currency of Iran is Iranian veritable (IRR). Since 1990 it has increased, with an average annual growth rate between 1990 and 2005 of 2.5% as seen in the figure 1. (Economy of Iran par. 1) It means that as time has passed, the economic growth of Iran improved. There were several(prenominal) factors that affected the growth of the Iranian economy. The paper will dwell more on the economic indicators on how the economy of Iran rose. The highest GDP growth rate was enter into 2002, when there was a 7.1% growth rate. Its oil abundance is considered to be the main source of its growth. Being one of OPECs cartel members, it has the privilege to gain high returns for its oil products. A big contributer to Irans GDP growth would be its strong domestic demand benefited the non-oil and manufacturing countries.

Decolonization – Congo

Why was operation of de liquidation peaceful in some countries and violent in early(a)s? (Before Independence) Brief historical background of colonization? (Historical Context) * What ignited calls for independence from colonial rule in __________ (your country)? A Elections were held in rural areas(small cities) for reform and democratization of local judicature. 1958 was a year of vigorous political discussion at issues of society in Belgian congo. The whole turning point of their advocacy for independence was during January 4-6 in 1959. In January 4, a riot stone-broke out in Leopoldville due to the fact that an Abako meeting had been banned.This abrupt dis guild for two days as European shops were broken and burned with over 40 people killed. The administration had political concession meaning that Belgium handed over independence to Congo. On January 13, the administration released a statement that they would slowly change into independence. The jingoistic urged the colon ial government to have an early date for independence. From this statement, issues about the independence of Congo sprang quickly. Political parties made go throughable promises that were illogical in order to make believe favor of the people.Some parties requested for a faster date while others thought of holding the situation slowly. The government slowly began to lose control of rural areas. The government feared of catastrophe, decided to decolonize as quick as possible. The Congolese leaders aimed for a five-year transition to independence but the Belgians enforced that the date of independence would be of 30 June 1960. According to The Making of Modern Africa, The first national elections held in May was looked as a disaster. After the end of World War 2, the Congo was able to participate in political issues. What methods did the nationalists use to achieve independence? To what extent were these methods effective? How did the colonial nation respond to the effort of the na tionalists? A Patrice Lumumba launched THE head start NATIONWIDE POLITICAL PARTY, the Congo National Movement in 1958. They caused outrages in order to erupt instability to the country. Huge riots were caused by the hunger for independence by the people of Congo. The Belgian authorities prohibited a political/cultural party named ABAKO which was slowly gaining power in the lower part of Congo.This led to riots for a span of three days and the Belgian government announced that they would put more Congolese into the government (for moderate nationalists) at a small dental plate in hopes of satisfying the demands. (Made a promise of eventual independence to extreme nationalists). But suddenly there was a surge of political activity. The nationalists demand soon grew as fifty political parties were registered competing and Belgian Congo was beyond control of the Belgian administration. * When did _________ (your country) achieve independence? Who ended up in power? Transition) A The R epublic of Congo achieved independence on June 30, 1960. From January 18-27, 1960, an event known as the The Roundtable Conference was held in Brussels. Different Congolese parties attended the meeting to discuss the transition into independence. There were two pivotal leaders, Joseph Kasa-Vubu as President and Patrice Lumumba as Prime Minister. To what extent were problems facing newly independent countries a legacy of colonial rule? * What was the condition of the country upon independence? (Identify problems) A Coming from colonial rule, the Congolese had minimal knowledge to manage a huge country.Tribal leaders had more power than the government, which led them to have an unstable state. After the departure of the Belgium administration, there were barely any bureaucrats left in the country. The first Congolese graduate ever was only in 1956. The country was at a very unstable state with the power mostly to individual tribes separated from other tribes as well. (No unity) * Were the problems a result of the colonial rulers? (Was it the fault of the colonial power? ) A The Belgians considered Congo as a child meaning that both countries acted as a parent and child relationship.This is called paternalism. The Belgians mainly supervised Congo and the Congo had no part in legislation. The Congolese only collected tax from the citizens. How could a child start working if he/she hasnt had any education. This was the kind of situation in between Belgium and Congo. What ways did the Cold War complicate the process ofdecolonization and/or post-independence? * Did ideology or the US/USSR conflict play a role in the process to achieve independence OR lay down problems for countries after they achieved independence? (If so, how significant? A The Congo Crisis was a period of disorder from 1960 1966. The Katanga province threatened to leave Congo because the Belgians were interested in commercial enterprise and there were over 6000 Belgian troops with most of the Eu ropean population under the leadership of Moise Tshombe. The province was declared as the State of Katanga in July 11 1960. Patrice Lumumba went to Soviet Union for troops to enforce the Katanga province. Feeling afraid, President Kasa-Vubu requested help from the United States that turns this into a proxy war as well. The US proverb this attempt to spread their ideology in sub-Saharan Africa.The U. S. therefore wanted to change the leader in The Republic of Congo. Its kind of odd how Patrice Lumumba, the peak minister and President Kasa-Vubu who were both in the same parties already had arguments as soon as Congo gained their independence. Source Evaluation http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/59224/Belgian-Congo First and foremost, this website is honorable due to their long history of releasing books with accurate facts. This huge company consists of about 100 editors and 4,4000 contributors who are professors, being an expert at their respective subjects.It is withal r egarded as one of the most academic encyclopedias of the English language. It has also received numerous awards meaning its value is high. This is a secondary source, which obtained sources from contributors and re-word. The purpose of this article is precisely to inform everyone without any intent to persuade or convince a person as the audience is not targeted as well. The limitations in this article is unclear, advance from a website from an anonymous author without his nationality is hard to determine whether this article I biased or not.But this website is trustworthy enough not to input biased opinions. A historian would use this comfortably because Britannica is one of the most popular websites used by millions of people. Belgian Congo (historical Region, Africa). Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. . Source List Africa Belgian Colonies HISTORY OF BELGIAN COLONIZATION, THE ADMINISTRATION OF CONGO BY THE BELGIANS (1908-1960). Africa Belgian Colonies. N. p. n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. . Belgian Congo (historical Region, Africa). Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. . Belgian Congo. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . Congo Crisis. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 May 2012. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. . Decolonization of Africa. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Oct. 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . Encyclop? dia Britannica. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 May 2012. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. . As a class, we will be holding a seminar to discuss the questions above. In order to discuss these questions, you need to know how the process of decolonization worked in specific countries.As a group, choose one of the countries from the following list and begin research into the independence, decolonization, and colonial legacy of that country you can also suggest another country if you have a specific interest Algeria, Angola-Mozambique, Congo, Ind onesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam. If youre unsure where to start your research, consider some of these things colonial history (who, what, when, why), the process of independence, problems faced by the new nation, type of government, reaction of the population to independence and the new nation.

Problem of Evil Essay

The traditional problem of sinister emerges when people believe in and represent for the conception of a sodding(a)ion who is both omnipotent and wholly great. According to Mackies study (1955), few of the solutions to the problem of evil could stand up to criticism. Today, mortal suggests an alternative graven image is non perfectly good, but maximally alter. By cool he means to be free from tension or violence. Since paragon is maximally cool, he is not so more than concerned about either eliminating evil or maximizing goodness than promoting coolness. This God come ins to be logically valid, but this shadowvas give show that the existence of such God is impossible.First, we should ask this if God aims to promote coolness, why would he bother to create evil? It is clear that evil is not cool, given that evil creates tension and violence. It may be replied that God is maximally cool and in that locationfore creates anything based on his impart and is not concerned with what happens to his creation afterwards. This reply is arguing that God created some cool thing which later then turned into the uncool evil. Then, the fact that uncool evil exists implies that God cannot make this uncool evil to be cool again, which contradicts with the inclose that God is omnipotent.Secondly, good is also uncool. According to most theists, good is delimitate to be opposite to evil and thus always fights to expel evil (Mackie, 1955), so that good is in constant tension and possible violence with evil. though the God in cause is claimed to be not perfectly good, this God is as yet good to a certain degree. Then he will still fights against evil and hence is not always cool. This leads us to conclude that this God cannot be maximum cool. This guy in defense of the existence of a maximally cool God efficiency argue that uncool is necessary as a counterpart to cool.It seems natural and necessary to consider why there should be uncool things if God is maximum cool. He might argue that if there were no uncool, there could be no cool either, in that if there were no violence or tension to be created and involved in, there could be no violence or tension to be free from. It might be that out of randomness, God created evil that generates tension and good that engages in tension against evil. To detach from involvement in tension or to destroy tension might create another tension and may incur violence. If God were to eliminate uncool things that he created, he would enter a tension between cool and uncool.Then, it would be uncool to make uncool things cool. Because God is maximally cool, he will not enter such tension and therefore he leaves good and evil as uncool as they be. By claiming that cool cannot exist without uncool, this guy shows that God cannot create cool without simultaneously creating uncool. This sets a limit to what God can do, which involves two possibilities either God is not omnipotent or that omnipotence has some lim its. If it is the first case, then we can deny the existence of a God who is omnipotent and maximally cool. If it is the second case, 1 may argue that these limits are logically impossibility.However, according to Mackie (1955), some theists hold the view that God can do what is logically impossible, while many theists maintain that God created logic. This leads us to the paradox of omnipotence, where we consider whether an omnipotent being can bind himself. According to Mackie, although we can eliminate the paradox of omnipotence by putting God outside time, we cannot nurture that an omnipotent God binds himself by logical laws. Therefore, it is a fallacious approach to prove the existence of a maximally cool and omnipotent by claiming that cool and uncool are counterparts to each other.To summarize, if a God is omniscience, then he must(prenominal) go to bed the existence of uncool. If he is omnipotent and maximum cool, he will promote coolness to the maximum. However, we obs erve that there are uncool things which are against Gods will to promote coolness and which God cannot make them cool. Therefore, a God that is omniscience, omnipotent and maximally cool cannot exist. Works Cited J. L. Mackie, Evil and Omnipotence, Mind, New Series, Vol. 64, No. 254. (Apr. , 1955), pp. 200-212. In Pascals run, Pascal concludes that understanding requires people to stake for god. He bases his argument on mainly three set forths.The first premise is his construct of the determination matrix of rewards. The second premise suggests that we are required by rationality to assign positive and not infinitesimal probability to God existing. The third premise states that we are required by rationality to per pull in the act of possible maximum anticipate utility. This essay will argue that Pascals Wager does not demonstrate solid prudent reasons for us to believe in God, by showing the third premise is not necessarily true. We consider that it is not in all cases that we are required by rationality to maximize expected utility.In Pascals Wager, we pay one life to wager for God and obtain infinite expected utility. Paying finite amount to play a game with infinite expectation appear to be at our interests and can therefore serve as a prudential reason for us to wager for God. However, in certain cases, this action could be regarded as blotto and alternatively, and to the contrary, taking intuitively sub-optimal actions would actually maximize the expected utility. For example, the St. Petersburg paradox could be representative of this kind of situations. In the St. Petersburg game (Martin, 2011), we keep flipping a coin until we add a coin.The total figure of flips, n, yields the prize which equals $2n. There are infinite sum of flips possible, so we affirm infinite number of possible consequences. The expected egress of each consequence is $1 and therefore the expected value of the game, which equals the sum of the expected payoffs of all th e consequences, will be an infinite number of dollars. Then, intuitively we will be willing to play the game as long as we only need to pay a finite number of dollars, given that the expected value of the game is infinite. However, Hacking (1980) suggested that few of us would pay even $25 to enter such a game. If we were to pay $25 for the game, half of the time we cop $2 and one quarter of the time the game pays $4, so the probability to break-even is less than one in twenty five. Still, because of the very small possibility of the number of flips to be greater than $25, the expected payoff of the game is larger than the $25 payment. According to standard Bayesian stopping point theory (Martin, 2011), we should play this game. Then again, because of the very small possibility of getting high enough payment, it is very likely that we will need to flip a coin longer than our physical possibility.In that sense, it will be absurd to pay this finite amount and flip longer than physi cal constraints for the infinite expected payoff. Therefore, it is not always true that rationality will require us to per produce the act that yields maximal expected utility. In the St. Petersburg game we experiment infinitely many trials which yield infinite expectation. In Pascals wager, we have a single-trial which also yields infinite expectation. It seems natural for Pascal to assume that expectation is a good guide to solve this decision problem.However, according to Hajek (2012), we need to take magnetic variation into consideration to make better decision, because in this one-time shot, a large variance could lead us to an outcome which is much worse than the expectation. When the variance is small, it is probable to get an outcome close to the expectation. However, the further the distribution of outcomes spreads out, the more likely it is to get a mediocre outcome, and the less obligate the third premise seems to be. Assuming that the expectation of wagering for God i s infinite, we can calculate the variance of the outcomes of the wager.Given the infinitely good of the good outcome and the status quo of the bad outcome, the variance is infinite. In the case of an infinite variance, due to our risk-aversion, we might be better off choosing to minimize variance than maximizing our expected utility. Indeed, if f2 is made as low as possible, the variance of wagering for God would be much greater than wagering against God. If the probability of the probability of receiving infinite good, is made as low as possible, the resulted variance might make we deviate much further away from the expected utility in an undesirable direction.Both cases above could happen, and if they do, we would feel less compelled by our rationality to maximize our expected utility because the large variance could lead us to a situation that is much worse than expectation. To summarize, Pascals premise three is not necessarily true. This premise says that we are required by nat ionality to maximize expected utility where there is one available. However, the St. Petersburg paradox suggests that rationality does not always require us to maximize our expected utility. Furthermore, in consideration of large variance, expectation might not be a good mensurate of choiceworthiness (Hajek, 2012).Without the validity of premise three, we cannot draw the conclusion that rationality requires us to wager for God. Therefore, Pascals wager does not solidly demonstrate that we have prudential reasons to believe in God. Works Cited Hajek, Alan, Pascals Wager, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed. ), URL = http//plato. stanford. edu/archives/win2012/entries/pascal-wager/ Martin, Robert, The St. Petersburg Paradox, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . Hacking, Ian, 1980, crazy Expectations, Philosophy of Science 47 562-567. According to Pollock (1986), you might be a sp irit floating in a vat filled with food for thought fluid. You do not realize that you are a brain in a vat because this brain is wired to a computer program that produces excitant in brain to cause experiences that are qualitatively indistinguishable from normal experiences of being a human being. The problem lies exactly in that whether you are a brain in a vat or not, everything seems to be the same to you.Many philosophers have attempted to prove that you are not a brain in a vat and their approaches seem to be valid. Among those, Moores argument and Putnams argument are two influential but diametric approaches. This essay tries to show that you cannot use either of these arguments to prove that you are not a brain in a vat. While waiver through Moores argument seems to be an easy way to show that you are not a BIV (brain in a vat), it is not difficult to show how this approach is flawed either. By Moores argument, first you open your eyes and lick perceptual knowledge that you have hands.Then you deduce that you are not a BIV which does not have hands and thereby you come to know that conclusion. However, it should be argued in the first place that your senses are not reliable. As Descartes argued in Meditations (1986), while you might form the perception that you are wearing a dress in the dream, you are actually undressed in your bed. The flaw in the logic of this approach can be demonstrated in the following analogous story. You see an empty glass on a table. The glass looks orange tree and in fact it is. You form perceptual knowledge that the glass is orange.You deduce that it is not colorless and filled with orange juice. You thereby come to know that the glass does not appear orange to you because it is colorless with orange juice filled in it. By assuming that there is orange juice in the glass, you establish that the glass does not appear orange to you because it is colorless with orange juice filled in it. Here the problem is that there is n o orange juice and you are trying to prove there is orange juicy by assuming its existence. For the same token, if you are a BIV, then the hands that you perceive are hands* produced by one feature of the computer program.The premise asserting that you form a perception of hands is assuming that you are not a BIV and therefore can form a perceptual knowledge of hands. This is begging the question because we want to prove that we are not BIV. Therefore, you cannot prove that you are not a BIV by going through Moores argument. Another famous discussion is Putnams semantic arguments. One problem of this approach is the narrow scope of the arguments. Putnam started his arguments by drawing similarity between the psychic image of a Martian and that of a BIV.Claiming that Mars does not have tree, Putnam established that BIVs utterance of tree has a different referent from the referent of a non-BIV verbalize of a tree. While it is possible that you have always been a BIV since you come into being, so you have never seen a tree that a non-BIV sees. It is also possible that you have lived certain part of your life as a non-BIV and then at some point you are made into a BIV. For example, if you recall in The Problems of Knowledge (Pollock, 1986), by the time that Margot tells Mike that he is a brain in a vat, he has been a brain in a vat for three months.According to Margot, Henry, or the brain in a vat that Mike sees, receives a fictitious mental life that merges perfectly into Henrys past life. To merge perfectly, the language and its referents that the computer generates for Henry must be indistinguishable from those before his envatment. Similarly, if Mike has been speaking English up until three months ago when he was envatted, his utterance of Margot after envatment must have the same referent as the one he had before. It must be that now his words retain the same English referents to the same contents in order to achieve a perfect merge (Brueckner, 2012).This perfect merge makes brain* in a vat* the same as BIV, which means whether you are BIV or not, you always speak English rather than vat-English. Because there are no differences in the languages between BIV and non-BIV, the semantic arguments have nowhere to start in this case. Unless you know with certainty that all BIVs have been BIVs since they came into beings, you cannot use semantic arguments to prove that you are not a BIV. To summarize, Moores arguments appear to be an easy solution to the problem of knowledge, but these arguments are begging the question and therefore cannot refute the brain-in-a-vat hypotheses.It seems that Putnams arguments are more compelling, but still they fail to rule out all possible versions of the brain-in-a-vat hypotheses. Therefore, you cannot prove that you are a non-BIV by using either of these arguments. Works Cited Descartes, Rene. Meditations on First Philosophy. Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill, 1960. Print. Pollock, John L. Contemporary Theories of Knowledge. Totowa, NJ Rowman & Littlefield, 1986. Print. Brueckner, Tony, Skepticism and Content Externalism, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed. ), URL = .

Red Bull Marketing Strategy Essay

1. Executive summary blood-red papal bull is most popular nix suck up of the world. They sold more than 5 ane million million undersurfaces in 164 countries all over the world in 2013. The mug has a actually serious image and is category attractor. loss dogshit is following a high price/quality subvention proceeds outline, but there are a circumstances of competitors with lower prices liker Monster or Rockstar. The mart dodge includes a lot of promotion and come up- bunsed sponsorship, especially with uttermost(a) sports. The aim target markets are modern urban males ranging from 15 to 30 years old.2. Introduction to the contrive wild counterfeit is an vim drink sold by Austrian fraternity inflamed slovenly person GmbH, created in 1987. In terms of market share, inflammation doodly-squat is the most popular energy drink in the world, with 5.387 billion cans in 2013. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ cerise_ fudge04/10/2014HistoryThe idea for drinks enriched with taurine come from japan. Dietrich Mateschitz the inventor of tearing Bull imports the idea from Thailand to Europe. During a visit in Thailand he realizes that it was easier to getover the jetlag with an energy drink. He took this idea and the market concept, modified the ingredients to suit the tastes of westerners and founded Red Bull GmbH in 1987 in Austria. Based on the good marketing strategy with alternative scenes like techno music, mountainbiking or snowboarding Red Bull got very successful. overlap detailsRed Bull is a lightly carbonated drink that enhances mental and physical activity. The standard serving size of Red Bull is 8 ounces, the serving contains 110 calories, 27 grams of sugar and 80mg of caffeine.Objectives of the paperThe following paper is about the situational analysis and recommendation of the marketing visualize of Red Bull. It describes the marketing plan that includes the Business Mission Statement, line Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Objectives and the target market. Next chapter is about Positioning which explains the process that influences potential customers overall perception of a grease, product line, or an organization general. Furthermore the paper is about the four Ps that are known as the Marketing Mix Product, Pricing, Place, Promotion. dwell chapter is a little conclusion with recommendations of Red Bull.3. Marketing Plan3.1 Business Mission Statement The foundation of the marketing plan is the mission statement, which answers the question What transaction are we in? We are dedicated to upholding Red Bull standards, while maintaining the leadership position in the energy drinks category when delivering superior customer help in a super efficient and profitable manner. We create a culture where employees share best practices dedicated to coaching and developing our organization as an employer of choice. http//joseph-ramos.blogspot.com/2012/09/chapter-1-history-and-mission-statement.html 04/10/2014Red Bull main tains over 40% of the market share for non-alcoholic energy beverages and has proven to be a strong competitor against soft drink goliaths Coke and Pepsi. The key markets include the United States, Germany, Brazil, Japan, Turkey and Scandinavia. Red Bull is targeting the Western Europe and the USA markets, as well as the growth markets of Brazil, Japan, India and China.3.2 Situation Analysis Marketers must understand the menstruum and potential environment in which the product or service will be marketed. Red Bull is model in more than 164 countries throughout the world. Thats a big challenge for planning, logistic, and cultural receptivity varies from place to place. The products are available all over northwards America, South America (except Uruguay) and much of Europe. But there is politic room to expand to countries in Africa and the southern pacific regions. Focus should be placed on the areas where event tour stops will take place for marketing campaigns. Because event ma rketing like sponsoring extreme sporting events is an important factor of the marketing strategy. Especially regions which are inherently suited for extreme sporting events should been focused.Sales development graph Red BullThe graph shows the sales development in percent from 2000 to 2012 compared to the previous year. The x-axis indicates the year and the y-axis the sales development. http//de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/257247/umfrage/umsatzentwicklung-von-red-bull/ 04/10/20143.3 SWOT Analysis Identifying internal strengths and weaknesses and as well examining external opportunities and threatS StrengthsW WeaknessesO OpportunitiesT ThreatsStrengthsBrand Name Red Bull is the worlds most popular energy drink and with effective marketing tools product has created a stag image. The company sponsors extreme sport events, for typeface Audi Sportsline for the DTM or KTM road and Dakar rally bikes. They also have some team ownerships like New York Red Bulls or FC Red Bul l Salzburg (both soccer teams). But the most effective marketing campaign was the foundation from own Red Bull events. A lot of them are very famous some examples are Red Bull crashed ice, Red Bull cliff diving world-series, Red Bull x-fighters.Category leader Red Bull has established a strong consistent brand image globally. They created a mod product category in the US market and have 40% of market share currently. It is synonymous with energy drinks in many countries. Red Bull is the global market leader within the energy drink industry with the largest sale and market share. Brand quality Red Bull did not achieve the success and gained maximum market share exactly because of marketing tactics, because product quality has also shared in this success of the brand. The strong and fresh taste has become a brand identity.Marketing strategy The company has been employing a lot of promotions and well-targeted campaigns/sponsorship which have greatly helped the brand on past to expand and increase consumer brand sentience. Broad geographic presence Red Bull has a broad geographic presence, which should ensure positive long-term growth. Recognizable symbol Red Bull has a strong long-term brand image with strong customer loyalty.WeaknessesHigh Price The products are above the average price of energy drinks. Consumers tend to think twice at the while of purchase. Compared to the competitors Red Bull is nearly twice expensive as Monster or Rockstar. Red Bull8.3 fl oz1,99 2,25 $Monster16 fl ozapp. 2,50 $Rockstar16 fl ozapp. 3,00 $Category limitations Compared with former(a) soft drinks companies Red Bull has the smallest product category. The competitors have many other flavor varients and categories. Red Bull is the only brand in the market with limited flavors and offers no variety in the product. existence one brand product, it is difficult to capture the market. For example Monster has 13 different Energy Drinks and 7 Java Drinks. These category is new and is a admixture out if coffee and energy. Lack of Innovation and Unique Selling Position Within the industry there are number of competitors who are utilizing innovation in product and unique selling product. Red Bull, on the other hand, is less innovative and does not use unique selling position. Copy problematic Red Bulls recipe is subject to copy because of a lack of patent. Demographic development Most of the Red Bull consumers are under 30, that could be a problem in the future because the demographic development is getting older. Controversial The relatively high caffeine and taurine contents makes the brand highly vulnerable to regulatory controls.OpportunitiesExtension of Product Red Bull is a single product on the market, there is an opportunity for it to extend its products line by developing more innovative products. Offering new flavors and format could help to improve the market shares. Broaden target group Because of the demographic development it could be a possibility to broaden the target group to include older demographics by overcoming negative attitudes. For example with fitter products or another style of universeizing to response older people. Expansion into more countries Emerging markets represent newer geographic for Red Bulls expansion. The market share in Brazil, Japan, India and China is very low. Red Bull could improve the sales with more advertise in these countries.New advertise campaigns Red Bull could use non-traditional opportunities in grocery stores and other points of purchase to get more consumers. Or sponsoring other figures of sport events. New platforms In-house media production like Red Bull Media House could continue creating Red Bull original content to maximize control. Red Bull Media House is a multi-platform media company with a focus on sports, culture, and lifestyle.As an umbrella brand, we offer a wide range of premium media products and compelling content across media channels as diverse as TV, mobile, digit al, audio, and print, with core media offerings that appeal to a global audience. http//www.redbullmediahouse.com/company.html04/10/2014New production To make the retail price more competitive Red Bull could build new production facilities in emerging countries. For example Asia or Western Europe could be countries for a cheaper production. Because Red Bull has no own production, a company called Rauch is producing the drink in Austria. Even for export Red Bull is not producing a concentrate, instead of they shipping it finished in the cans. This generates high costs for the production and shipping.ThreatsGiant competitors The presence of large and large competitors can affect the market position of Red Bull. Monster represents the biggest threat as it contains natural ingredients, which seems more desirable than Red Bull for some consumers. Consumer awareness of health In case of consumer awareness related to health, it could be possible that consumer give up to drink Red Bull. Maybe consumers rather drink healthier natural drinks than Red Bull in the future. The market for healthy drinks is getting bigger and more and more people prefer to drink healthy. Aging demographics The maturement target demographic could leave brand with less share in upcoming generations. Negative promotion The worldwide media reports about Red Bull as harmful for health.Red Bull has high caffeine content in the drink, which if used in excess can be harmful. Moreover in many countries there are strict rules on the products that contains caffeine. Parents also state that some components can be dangerous if consumed by their teenagers. For example Red Bull had been censor in Norway for a couple of years because of the high caffeine content. High marketing costs Maturity in developed markets makes promotion harder than in the past, including high marketing cost. Red Bull spends more then one 1,3billion $ in marketing per year.3.4 ObjectivesRed Bull has launched a range of produc ts including Red Bull sess in 2008 and Red Bull Energy Shots in 2009 to reach more customers. Today Red Bull has annual sales of around 4 billion cans in more than 160 countries. Red Bull has a distinctive marketing strategy. This type aims constantly evolve and develop the brand. The company tries to engage with consumers use new and exciting channels of communication. In recent years social media has become a vital marketing tool and its going to be more important in the future. Its increasing popularity, predominantly with young audiences has had a huge impact on modern marketing techniques.Negative publicity Various media worldwide have reported that Red Bull is harmful for ones health. The French Health Authority has gone one step further by not approving the Red Bull product sale in France, believing it is not in compliance with the countrys health and food regulations. Other media reports have ben targeted towards parents stating the caffeine levels in Red Bull can be dang erous if consumed by children/teenagers, who are exactly the products target audience. Red Bull has gone to the extremes of seeking scientific proof that its product is safe for consumption and released numerous statements to curb the negative attention. http//gives-u-wings.blogspot.com/2012/01/swot-analysis.html 04/10/2014Inability to resettlement forward with the productRed Bull is known for its innovative advertising. The aim of attracting 15 30 year olds is working, but for how long? Combine this with their large enthronement in extreme sport events the question is what will be their next stop keep on being innovating and attracting.3.5 Target MarketsRed Bull markets to young urban males ranging in age from 15 to 30 years old. These males live in a constantly exciting and adventurous lifestyle. They life on the saltation or try and they are usually average build. Red Bull males participate in competitive and extreme sports or any other kind ofadventurous and recreational a ctivities. Competitive games in the video game industry are also gravitating towards the products to keep them alert during tournaments. Red Bull defines the whole of these consumers as Generation Y because they are not only active males but also active students who need the energy to study all night long. Red Bull also have a secondary target market of older consumers in general ranging from 25 to 45 years old.Whether this may be a business executive finishing an annual project or a truck driver. These male came from all walks of life and financial status. They live in suburban and rural areas and have different levels of education. They all share physical and mental exertion in common and getting their adrenaline pumping. There is also fairly new category, its called the clubber. The people find out that Red Bull can be used as a very good with alcohol. In my opinion it is close impossible to find the secure target group, the reason for that is because of the various application s of Red Bull. A typical Red Bull drinker is dynamic and active and most of them are males.4. Positioning The development of any marketing mix depends on positioning, a process that influences potential customers overall perception of a brand, product line, or a organization general Red Bull represents a new category of drinks, the energy drinks. The company positioned as a premium/high margin brand. The price is much higher than the products from the competitors, its a premium price product. It is a unique available drink. Promising and delivering benefits that no other drink can offer. Compared to the competitors Red Bull is nearly twice expensive as Monster or Rockstar. The price expresses transcendence od Red Bull and further on it proves that there is no substitute. The positioning policy of Red Bull is premium product, premium price and premium profitability.5. Marketing Mix5.1 ProductThe normal Red Bull is served in 8 ounces aluminum can. But now their alsooffer different sizes and flavours. The can has a special form compared to a normal can, its thinner and longer (everybody knows the form). The package design resembles a silver and blue racing sword lily with two bulls facing each other in the center while the Red Bull title treatment sits beneath. Red Bull used the new can as an innovation for new and attractive packaging. The can is different and unique from other brands in the market. Red Bull is made to improve performance, concentration, response speed and vigilance. It contains taurine, glucuronolactone, naturally occurring antioxidants and carbohydrates respectively, that help to detoxify the body. The beverage also helps to revitalize the body through the use of caffeine and B-group vitamins which help to boost energy levels and metabolism. whatever people say Red Bull tastes like gummy bear cough syrup, its definitely an acquired taste. The founder Mateschitz says Red Bull isnt a drink, its a way of life.5.2 PricingThe average price f or a 8 ounces can is about 1,99 2,25 $ in the United States. In other countries the price could be a bit different. Red Bull has always followed high pricing policy. Its twice expensive compared to the competitors. But they are selling well that Red Bull does not participate in the price-off regularly seen in different flooded beverage industry.5.3 PlaceRed Bull is distributed in almost every supermarket over the world in more than 160 countries. It also has a lot of sponsoring deals with nightclubs, sport clubs, bars and companies. The aim is finding consumers at the right time at the right place in the right situation. They focus on areas where an energy boost is needed. Red Bull believes consumption is driven by situations, not sociodemographics. The entry strategy is based on exclusivity, an offspring if Maslows hierarchy if needs. For example when Red Bull came to the U.S. it focused its pre-seeding efforts in New York City, where the brand was already hyped by the large Europ ean influence. Red Bull was well stocked in clubs, where it became the drink of choice.5.4 PromotionRed Bull is the biggest brand in the energy drink market. They use an aggressive strategy to promote their products. Their two main tools to promote the Red Bull products are sponsoring and free sampling. Red Bull often gives free drinks to attract new costumers. For example at universities or sport events because there are most of the people from the target group. Red Bull send out their sampling girls and boys to deliver free Red Bull. They drive in the famous Red Bull cars und are utilise the Red Bull fridges. Red Bull also provides sponsorship for numerous parties, social events and especially sport events where they supply free and discounted Red Bull as a quick energy revitalizer and smooth chaser for alcoholic drinks.6. Conclusions and RecommendationThe marketing strategy of Red Bull can be considered as one of the most successful one over the years. The central component in a ll marketing activities of Red Bull was sponsoring leading athletes of extreme sports and branding refrigerated sales units to complete their marketing strategy. However, in my opinion Red Bull has to change or extend the marketing strategy to compete with other energy drink brands. In the current harsh competition market there are a lot of different energy drinks available. Its going to be hard for Red Bull to stay as the first choice energy drink for the costumers. Therefore I think it is time to advertise more in general public to response a bigger target group. They also could use tools like billboards, banner ads or posters to maximize the contact with costumers. I know they are still doing it, but mostly on sport events. Furthermore Red Bull can increase advertises on the Internet. Nowadays most of the people are using the Internet every day and they are spending lots of hours for surfing in the world wide web. Red Bull could create some extreme sport online games and advertis e on appropriate websites that are quite familiar with students and business people in different countries. To sum up Red Bull has a lot of opportunities to improve their marketing strategy.10.Bibliography1. Marketing Strategies, Tactic, and TechniquesA Handbook for PractitionersStuant C. RogersISBN 1-56720-411-2Published in 20012. Wikipediahttp//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull04/10/2014http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull04/10/20143. Red Bull Media Househttp//www.redbullmediahouse.com04/10/20144. Tagesanzeigerhttp//www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wirtschaft/Die_Marketingmaschine_Red_Bull/story/22743400 04/10/20145. Red Bullhttp//www.redbull.com/us/en04/10/20146. Gives u Wingshttp//gives-u-wings.blogspot.com/2012/01/financial-report.html 04/10/20147. Monster Energyhttp//www.monsterenergy.com04/10/20148. UK Essayshttp//www.ukessays.com/essays/business/analaysing-current-market-strategy-for-red-bull-and-future-strategies-business-essay.php 04/10/20149. Red Bull Marketing Campaignhttp//www.slidesh are.net/CreativeDunning/red-bull-marketing-campaign 04/10/201410. Red Bull Situation Analysishttp//www.studymode.com/essays/Red-Bull-Situation-Analysis-820871.html 04/10/201411. Joseph Ramoshttp//joseph-ramos.blogspot.com/2012/09/chapter-1-history-and-mission-statement.html 04/10/201412. Statistahttp//de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/257247/umfrage/umsatzentwicklung-von-red.bull/ 04/10/201413. All of the explanations after are from the book MKTGStudent EditionLamb/Hair/McDanielISBN 978-1-285-09186-0Published in 2013

Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resources or Learning and Development Practitioner Essay

Todays humanity resources department are in apiece and every ships gild, one of the main(prenominal) aspect for human resources is to develop an emphasis and educate their human capital, in evidence for more efficiency and effectiveness for the company. The Charted Institute Personal Development CIPD covers the insinuation of profession social function which assists for better results in companies. The profession map captures the knowledge and behaviors that human resources need to improves and sustain the value for the organization to meet its requirements, the captain map is divided into lead segment where each segment defines.First segment Profession areas contains ten activities that human resources apply for the employee to gain knowledge.Performance and reward answer in create and sustain a high achieving organization culture environment by carrying programs that prize and recognize the productivity and capabilities of the employee. Through motivation, employee enhan ces their skills and performances and experience to put one over a reward for an outstanding performance. For example American Express Company, any agent who meet the quality of the call center and deliver the message in a professional way, by having high quality and quantity calls, the agent will be recognized and rewarded for this outstanding performance. Another example in Ithamar marge any employee who has a creative and innovative idea will get rewarded, this is an appreciation from the bank to encourage the behavior of brainstorming, which might lead the company to huge success.Learning and developmentLearning and development is a subdivision of human resources department, which objects to develop and to educate group and individual performance by increasing and enhancing knowledge and skills. For example Direct English institution provided me for a course in human resources course CIPD in order to have change effect company by applying the benefited knowledge from the co urse. Developing the human capital to have a better outcome performance and experience and knowledge helps the company to have improved outcome. Learning and development is part of an organizations management strategy which is physical bodyed to align with the organizations general vision and goals.Organization design confirms the companys coordinate design is according to companys goals for both the long run and for the short. Organization development ensures that human resources applies its strength and up(a) its weakness to develop the organization by changing its activities through align strategies with the companys objective. Resourcing and talent planning ensure that the human resources the use its assets in useful and efficient and productive approach for achieving companys objective. Employee engagement ensures that to improve the communication skills in the work environment for greater productivity and greater contri scarceion toward the companys objective through leader ship Employee relations enhance the relationship between the employees and manage it through the companys structure through policies and code of conduct and rules and by relevant law. Service delivery and information Ensures the quality and information of the customer through human resources by applying devise management to enable effective and cost-efficient overhaul delivery throughout the company.Learning and managing human resources function Ensures that the leadership is to hence the maximizing the contribution by supporting and developing others, by acting as a role model in the organization. Strategy insight and solutions develop a strategy that aligns with the companys vision by improving the understanding of the organization. Second segment behaviors The Profession Map Behaviors define the capabilities for human resources profession. Human resources need to carry and chance upon related role to reach the level of professionalism, the role requires specific competencies to be proven at each band level throughout the human resources path.fearlessness to challengeShows courage and confidence to speak up skillfull and to challenge others, even when challenged with resistance or unfamiliar circumstances. For example you have to prepare a presentation for an important meeting for the first snip, the person needs to overcome this challenge and break their fear of a failure, by putting the trust in their self for this accomplishment.Role modelRegularly leads by example. Acts with honesty, A role model is a person other individuals look up to in order to help define appropriate behaviors. Role models can be either positive or negative. For example, positive role models offer a variety of corroboratory or valuable behaviors and actions. On the other hand, the negative role models offer examples of injurious or trouble rough failure behaviors and actions.Curious Future concentration, create an evolving and innovative ways to add value to the organization. Decisive thinker Establishes the ability to investigate and understand data and information. Using knowledge and information in a unified way to recognize opportunities. Skilled influencer Reveals the ability to inspire and to gain the necessary commitment and support from the organization. Personally credible create professionalism through joining commercialised and human resources expertise to add value to the organization. Collaborative Works effectively and inclusively with a variety of employees, both within and outside of the organization. Driven to deliver Establishes determination, creativity, and perseverance to carry the finest outcome for the organization and its people.Third segment bands The quartette bands of professional competencies define, the contribution that human resources professionals mark at every stage of their profession. It aids to give a clear path and emphasis to all human resource professionals progress planning and behaviors. At Band 1 the role would be a human resource consultant, whose role would be to focus on consumer support and consume and ongoing problems, sp terminate time providing information, handling data and serve the consumer with facts and evidence and public security of mind. They must also be well-organized, flexible and give client satisfaction. Band 2 the role would a human resource advisor who counsels and manages human resource related involvements and linking to the individual or a team. Human resource advisor has an understanding of the estimated cultivate and solutions available. Assists the consumer with flexible selections and recommendations and allow frequent business. Band 3. Leads a professional range acting as an advisor or partner, reports the key human resource challenges at an organizational level for the average and long-term. Band 4. Leads and accomplishes professional areas in the organization. Responsible for developing and carrying organizational and human resource strategy.Activity 22 .1In order to priorities the conflicts within the company and to manage the customers priority, each matter needs to be even offed to either imported or urgent. Upon this, a decision can be made whichever is important or urgent, and the matrix describes it into four categories,1. eventful and imperative There are two different types of urgent and important activities ones that you could not have expected and others that you have left until the last minute.2. Important but not Urgent These are the activities that support you to achieve your personal and professional goals for the long run and complete important work.3. Not Important but Urgent Urgent but not important tasks are things that prevent you from accomplishing your goals always try to reschedule or delegate them.4. Not Important and Not Urgent These activities are just a disruption, avoid them if possible.An external customer is someone who consumes your businesss products but is not part of your company. For example, an external customer is an individual who enters your store and buys merchandise or service. An internal customer is any member of your company who trusts on support from another to their job responsibilities, for example sales representative who needs help from a customer service representative to complete an order. Another example for an internal customer a customer calls on the call center to ask intimately his credit balance, the customer service agent calls the credit department to assist him to pass on the information to the end customer. And lastly, we have end users customer, business to business which is a business that emphasis on marketing and selling products and services to other companies for example in our direct English institution, we have other institutions that request to purchase our particular education course. Dealing with different customers the organization must priorities for each, which mainly depends on its importance and its destiny for each situation an d condition.2.2Effective communication is important to the company and it can be improved in many ways. In truth, communication act as a role in product development and customer relations also employee management and almost every aspect of a business operations process. Employees are a key audience because they often serve as the conduit to other audiences. If employees are knowledgeable, communications with other communities are likely to be powerful as well. Effective structural communication will create a strong communication and the teamwork for employees to achieve company goals. There are mainly three types of communication, Verbal communicating which can be through a telephone or internet Skype, which is only through a voice channel, and Nonverbal conversation like emails, fax, SMS, test and lastly we have, Visual Communication which is mainly faced to face or meetings. Each has its own advantages and disadvantage for example Verbal Communication you can communicate with a large number of customers in short time, on the other hand, customer wont be able to fully understand everything as the visual communication, and for Nonverbal Communication for example customer has a reminder and a proof of the text which is reliable, on the other hand, some messages might be sent incorrectly and cause a large damage, Visual Communication is what customers prefer as so that they can express their emotions in better way, the disadvantage that this process takes lots of time to deal with each customer.2.3Effective service delivery, There are several overall points to think about when managing and planning the delivery of your services and products to be measured. There are also some particular aspects and methods that you may find helpful if you have limited time or resources. Within the framework of planning the business some aspects should be considered in order to improve the quality and the trust relationship with the communityDelivering service on timeTime is li mited. You cannot buy more time, but there are several things you can do to manage your time more efficiently. Plans seldom show up to be accomplished in the best way, and even the finest managers have to deal with unpredictable matters like suppliers not delivering on time, one of the employee members getting ill or trains are being delayed, equipment breaks, etc. Nevertheless, if you plan sufficiently you are more likely to deliver on time. When business starts deliver on time the business will start to be trusted and dependable, and this will attract lots of customers due to its timely delivery quality.Delivery service on a budgetPlanning a strategy based on a budget will enable you to identify the resources needed accurately onward you start a project. Try to mark the things that may cost additional money. You should also make sure you are not forgetting anything that could end up cost you additional cost. Some practical preparation tools can be used to assist you to approxima te how much resources will be needed at each stage of the process and how much will it cost and how long will it take. By then the business will start to reduce cost and be more efficient and effective in dealing the on a budget.Dealing with difficult customersFirst of all the one who deals with the customer needs to adjust his mindset once he/she is aware that the client is unhappy then the first priority is to have a customer service mindset. Secondly learn actively which is the most important phase of the whole dealing process is listening actively to what your client or customer is saying. Repeat the customers concerns to make sure that addressing the right issue, ask questions to make sure that youve identified the problem correctly. These matters should be considered when dealing with difficult customers, and it helps to solve future problems.Handling and solving complaintsBe Empathic and Apologize for example I understand why youre upset. I would be too. Im very sorry that we didnt get the samples to you on time, especially since its caused these problems. And then to find or suggest the solution to his problem, if the suggested solution didnt please the customer try to interpret his perspective suggestion for the solution. Once you have both decided on a solution, you need to take action straight away. Explain every process to fix the problem to your customer Take Action and Follow-up to show your customer that you care. And lastly, use the Feedback from the complaints to decrease the risk of the condition happening again.ReferencesBIBLIOGRAPHY Eisenhower. (August 19, 1954). Eisenhowers Urgent/Important Principle. Address at the Second Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Evanston, Illinois The American Presidency Project.Steven Edwards, K. J. (n.d.). Turning a Challenge into an Opportunity. Retrieved from www.mindtools.com https//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/unhappy-customers.htm

Deception Point Page 80

Do you hurt dogs, Dr. Harper?He glanced up. Im sorry?I just prospect it was odd. You told me that shortly after this Canadian geologist radioed in the meteorite coordinates, his sled dogs ran blindly into a crevasse?There was a storm. They were off course.Gabrielle shrugged, letting her skepticism show. Yeah okay.Harper intelligibly sensed her hesitation. What are you saying?I dont dwell. Theres just a lot of coincidence surrounding this discovery. A Canadian geologist transmits meteorite coordinates on a frequency that nevertheless NASA can hear? And then his sled dogs run blindly off a cliff? She paused. You obviously understand that this geologists death paved the way for this constitutional NASA triumph.The color drained from Harpers face. You think the administrator would kill over this meteorite.Big politics. Big money, Gabrielle thought. Let me talk to the senator and well be in touch. Is there a backbone way out of here?Gabrielle Ashe left a pale Chris Harper and desce nded a fire stairwell into a deserted alley behind NASA. She flagged raft a taxi that had just dropped off more NASA celebrators.Westbrooke Place Luxury Apartments, she told the driver. She was about to drive Senator Sexton a much happier man.94Wondering what she had agreed to, Rachel stood safe the entrance of the G4 cockpit, stretching a radio transceiver cable into the cabin so she could place her call out of earshot of the pilot. Corky and Tolland looked on. Although Rachel and NRO director William Pickering had planned to keep radio silence until her arrival at Bollings Air Force Base outside of D.C., Rachel now had information she was certain Pickering would want to hear immediately. She had phoned his secure cellular, which he carried at all times.When William Pickering came on the line, he was all business. Speak with care, please. I cannot guarantee this connection.Rachel understood. Pickerings cellular, give care most NRO field phones, had an indicator that detected u nsecured accounting entry calls. Because Rachel was on a radiophone, one of the least secure communication modes available, Pickerings phone had warned him. This conversation would need to be vague. No names. No locations.My voice is my identity, Rachel verbalise, using the ideal field greeting in this situation. She had expected the directors response would be displeasure that she had risked contacting him, but Pickerings reaction sounded positive.Yes, I was about to make contact with you myself. We need to redirect. Im interested you may have a welcoming party.Rachel felt a sudden trepidation. Someone is watching us. She could hear the danger in Pickerings tone. Redirect. He would be joyful to know she had called to make that exact request, albeit for entirely different reasons.The issue of authenticity, Rachel said. Weve been discussing it. We may have a way to confirm or deny categorically.Excellent. There have been developments, and at least then I would have solid ground o n which to proceed.The proof involves our making a quick stop. One of us has plan of attack to a laboratory celerity-No exact locations, please. For your own safety.Rachel had no intention of broadcasting her plans over this line. Can you get us clearance to land at GAS-AC?Pickering was silent a moment. Rachel sensed he was trying to process the word. GAS-AC was an obscure NRO gisting shorthand for the Coast Guards Group Air Station Atlantic City. Rachel hoped the director would know it.Yes, he finally said. I can arrange that. Is that your final destination?No. We go away require further helicopter transport.An aircraft will be waiting. convey you.I recommend you exercise extreme caution until we know more. Speak to no one. Your suspicions have drawn deep concern among goodish parties.Tench, Rachel thought, wishing she had managed to make contact with the chairman directly.I am currently in my car, en route to meet the woman in question. She has requested a private showdown i n a neutral location. It should reveal much.Pickering is parkway somewhere to meet Tench? Whatever Tench was going to tell him must be important if she refused to tell him on the phone.Pickering said, Do not discuss your final coordinates with anyone. And no more radio contact. Is that clear?Yes, sir. Well be at GAS-AC in an hour.Transport will be arranged. When you reach your ultimate destination, you can call me via more secure channels. He paused. I cannot overstate the importance of secrecy to your safety. You have made powerful enemies tonight. Take appropriate caution. Pickering was gone.Rachel felt tense as she closed the connection and turned to Tolland and Corky.Change of destination? Tolland said, looking eager for answers.Rachel nodded, feeling reluctant. The Goya.Corky sighed, glancing down at the meteorite sample in his hand. I still cant imagine NASA could possibly have He faded off, looking more worried with every offer minute.Well know soon enough, Rachel thought .She went into the cockpit and returned the radio transceiver. Glancing out the windscreen at the rolling plateau of moonlit clouds racing beneath them, she had the unsettling feeling they were not going to like what they found onboard Tollands ship.95William Pickering felt an unusual solitude as he drove his sedan down the Leesburg Highway. It was almost 200 A.M., and the road was empty. It had been years since hed been driving this late.Marjorie Tenchs raspy voice still grated on his mind. Meet me at the FDR Memorial.Pickering tried to recall the last time he had seen Marjorie Tench face-to-face-never a pleasant experience. It had been two months ago. At the White House. Tench was seated opposite Pickering at a long oak table surrounded by members of the National Security Council, marijuana cigarette Chiefs, CIA, President Herney, and the administrator of NASA.Gentlemen, the head of the CIA had said, looking directly at Marjorie Tench. Yet again, I am before you to urge this adm inistration to confront the ongoing earnest crisis of NASA.The declaration took no one in the room by surprise. NASAs security woes had become a tired issue in the intelligence community. Two age previously, more than three hundred high-resolution satellite photos from one of NASAs earth-observing satellites had been stolen by hackers out of a NASA database. The photos-inadvertently revealing a classified U.S. military training facility in North Africa-had turned up on the black market, where they had been purchased by hostile intelligence agencies in the Middle East.Despite the best of intentions, the CIA director said with a weary voice, NASA continues to be a threat to national security. Simply put, our space agency is not equipped to protect the data and technologies they develop.I realize, the President replied, that there have been indiscretions. Damaging leaks. And it troubles me deeply. He motioned across the table to the stern face of NASA administrator Lawrence Ekstrom. We are yet again looking into ways to cut down NASAs security.With due respect, the CIA director said, whatever security changes NASA implements will be ineffective as long as NASA operations remain outside the umbrella of the fall in States intelligence community.The statement brought an uneasy rustle from those assembled. Everyone knew where this was headed.

3 Basic Programming Languages

There are three basic types of computer chopinememing languages. These languages are mold, assembly, and high- take languages. Machine language is just a sequence of zeroes and ones. Different combinations of zeroes and ones mean different things and sends different affirmation to the computer. An advantage of this is that this is the only language that a computer can understand directly. However a disengagement is that this is not very easy for humans to be able to either read it or put out it. It bequeath be hard to get any developers to utilize this language.This is the reason why most will use one of the other two. Assembly language is the oldest form of non-machine language. It is a symbolic representation of machine language. It typically uses a one to one correspondence between the two. Another program called an assembler will translate it into machine language. Since assembly language uses easy to recognize codes, it makes it a lot easier for people to understand. When it comes to the program and how it relates to the computer processing and memory usage, the program will typically be stored in non-volatile memory until it is pick uped.Upon request it will then be loaded into random access memory ( pound). Once it is loaded into the RAM it then can be accessed by the central processing unit (CPU). It will then race instructions until terminated. Termination can either be by user or it can be due to software or hardware error. High-level languages will typically contain commonly apply English words and phrases, thus removing a lot of the symbols and structure that is required at a swallow level programming. There are several advantages to high-level languages vs machine or assembly.Typically if a program is written on one computer it can easily be modified to work on another computer. Also a single instruction written in a high level language will typically translate into several instructions in machine language. Now a disadvantage is that the se high level programming languages are typically less powerful and less in force(p) than assembly languages. They also need to be translated into machine language before their instructions can be understood and carried out. Now there is several different high level programming languages out there. wherefore are there so umteen? I think there are so many for a few different reasons. One reason is to take advantage of hardware improvements that have been make over the years. Another is just to make it simpler for programmers. The easier that a language is to learn the better the opportunity is to allure talent. When developing a program, you need to first have a problem to solve. There is a calendar method that is referred to as the program development cycle. This cycle has been developed as it is a model that can be repeated across the board to maximize success.The cycle has 7 basic steps. These steps are particularize the problem Outline the solution Develop the outline into a n algorithm Then test the algorithm compute the algorithm Run the program on the computer Document and maintain the program Now when approach up with the design for your program, you will need to have on hand some people to better input. Having the customer on hand to provide some of that input would be advantageous. Software Engineers, as tumefy as testing engineers will need to be giving input as well as the project manager.

Tiger Mum

In youthful year, a book Battle Hymn of a tiger Mom written by Amy Chu corroborate arouse public attention. It evoked general publics vivid discussion astir(predicate) conduct the Chinese or Western p atomic number 18nting way. Tiger Mom is de none to the aggressive moms, albeit originally it referred to Chinese m early(a)s, since those fosters imitate in raising extraordinary faculty member achievers children. Tiger mamma boost her offspring to be the best. She station all the effort to her son or daughter. Taking Amy Chu as an example, she is a typically tiger mum. She has two daughters who both are dandy at academic and instruments.Chu (2011) claim that the main soil of her daughters having sundry(a) achievements as she choosing Chinese parenting ways to fire her offspring. However, Chinese parenting way also exist some(prenominal) drawbacks. A Tiger mum does non jibe a better future of child Firstly, the or so perspicuous disadvantage is damaging the childs sel f-esteem. In Chinese parenting, parent tends to employ penalization than admiring. For instance, when the children got B at examination, Western family allow for give the child a lot of encourage and permissiveness .On the other hand, Chinese family will penalize her sons or daughters, as they think the child must not clip hard enough. Those parents may shame their child or call them useless or dribble (Chua, 2011). It would immediately affect children psychological growth. If children always take punishment without praise or appreciation, they would bring petty(a) self-esteem. They will not have motivation to improve because their parent have ridiculously high standard. Whenever they do a long job, they also think that is their responsibility. The to a greater extent conflict and less cohesion in a teens family, the more(prenominal) likely they were to have poor mental health. (Pappas, 2012, Para 5). Finally, the children not only do not have high achievement but also lo w self-identification. Secondly, another shortcoming of tiger mums parenting way is restricting the teenager own critical thinking and creativity. Those childlike only ensue their parent order and desire from their young generation. Due to the parent ponder the younger are not senesce enough to decide a right path ( pick up Streep, 2009). Hence, their parents would arrange a very sullen enumeration for their children to observe.As time goes by, the juvenile will become as a machine or robot because they do not have critical thinking and creativity in their daily. They are not admit to get their own choices. Everything must obey by their tiger parents. As a result, their children could not each ensure and propose new ideas. When they growth up, they cannot easily be promoted to higher position as they not well-equipped in this area. Moreover, it is no exaggeration to issue that the adolescent who raising by Chinese parenting is needing complaisant skills, those adolescent have required fulfilling the schedule designed by their parents.According to Amy Chu (2011), she has very strict parenting to raise her daughter. She does not permit her daughters to have their liberal leisure time to watch television or acquire calculator games, even does not allow them to participate in redundant extracurricular activities instead of contend violin or piano. Her daughter can hardly to meet their friends and play together. Also, she commands her offspring to maintain outstanding academic result. Every test and examination grade is greater than A. Those children do not have either refrain time to chat and play with friends.They cannot practice their tender skills such as conversation skills, mixer recognition skills and emotional control skills. It is vital for them to work in the future as it could affect the alliance mingled with you and your supervisor or colleague (Lee, 2000). It is truthfully to say that without mixer skills would not have a great prospect Tiger mum expect their children to have great academic result to visualize far-famed college. Nevertheless, in Tiger mum parenting way cause the children to become low self-esteem, stereotyped and lack of social skills. In the child grow up period, it is very important for them to cultivate these vital factors.In catamenia years, Andy Leung, a Chinese University Of Hong Kong master had an outstanding academic result, but he was absolutely failed in his social skill. He also cannot find a job after interview more than 200 times. It trial impression that Tiger mums parenting way does not mean that the children can have brightened future. Parents have responsibilities that are fantastic to parenthood, providing guidance and discipline for their teenagers. But they also gave a responsibility to respect their teens and treat them as persons having equal human worth and dignity. As the old saying goes that all children are ifted, parents should give more embolden and encoura ge for their offspring instead of pushing highly expectation on their child. It only makes the upshot worsened and worse. It is a golden opportunity for parents to think twice how to up bring their child is the best. speech tend Battle Hymn of a Tiger Mom ,Amy Chu, Penguin Press, 2011 Nurturing Success Successful women of color and their daughters, Essie E. Lee, 2000 mean(a) Mothers, Peg Streep, 2009 Study Tiger Parenting Tough on Kids, Stephanie Pappas, 2012 http//www. livescience. com/18023-tiger-parenting-tough-kids. htmlTiger MumIn recent year, a book Battle Hymn of a Tiger Mom written by Amy Chu have arouse public attention. It evoked general publics vivid discussion about choose the Chinese or Western parenting way. Tiger Mom is denote to the aggressive moms, albeit originally it referred to Chinese mothers, since those parents succeed in raising extraordinary academic achievers children. Tiger mum boost her offspring to be the best. She put all the effort to her son or da ughter. Taking Amy Chu as an example, she is a typically tiger mum. She has two daughters who both are outstanding at academic and instruments.Chu (2011) claim that the main reason of her daughters having various achievements as she choosing Chinese parenting ways to raise her offspring. However, Chinese parenting way also exist several drawbacks. A Tiger mum does not equal a better future of child Firstly, the most obvious disadvantage is damaging the childs self-esteem. In Chinese parenting, parent tends to employ punishment than admiring. For instance, when the children got B at examination, Western family will give the child a lot of encourage and tolerance .On the other hand, Chinese family will penalize her sons or daughters, as they think the child must not work hard enough. Those parents may shame their child or call them useless or garbage (Chua, 2011). It would directly affect children psychological growth. If children always take punishment without praise or appreciation, they would have low self-esteem. They will not have motivation to improve because their parent have ridiculously high standard. Whenever they do a great job, they also think that is their responsibility. The more conflict and less cohesion in a teens family, the more likely they were to have poor mental health. (Pappas, 2012, Para 5). Finally, the children not only do not have high achievement but also low self-identification. Secondly, another shortcoming of tiger mums parenting way is restricting the teenager own critical thinking and creativity. Those adolescent only follow their parent order and desire from their young generation. Due to the parent ponder the younger are not mature enough to decide a right path (Peg Streep, 2009). Hence, their parents would arrange a very dense schedule for their children to observe.As time goes by, the juvenile will become as a machine or robot because they do not have critical thinking and creativity in their daily. They are not allow to cho ose their own choices. Everything must obey by their tiger parents. As a result, their children could not individually determine and propose new ideas. When they growth up, they cannot easily be promoted to higher position as they not well-equipped in this area. Moreover, it is no exaggeration to issue that the adolescent who raising by Chinese parenting is lacking social skills, those adolescent have required fulfilling the schedule designed by their parents.According to Amy Chu (2011), she has very strict parenting to raise her daughter. She does not permit her daughters to have their liberal leisure time to watch television or play computer games, even does not allow them to participate in redundant extracurricular activities instead of playing violin or piano. Her daughter can hardly to meet their friends and play together. Also, she commands her offspring to maintain outstanding academic result. Every test and examination grade is greater than A. Those children do not have any spare time to chat and play with friends.They cannot practice their social skills such as conversation skills, social perception skills and emotional control skills. It is vital for them to work in the future as it could affect the relationship between you and your supervisor or colleague (Lee, 2000). It is truthfully to say that without social skills would not have a great prospect Tiger mum expect their children to have great academic result to enter famous college. Nevertheless, in Tiger mum parenting way cause the children to become low self-esteem, stereotyped and lack of social skills. In the child grow up period, it is very important for them to cultivate these vital factors.In current years, Andy Leung, a Chinese University Of Hong Kong master had an outstanding academic result, but he was absolutely failed in his social skill. He also cannot find a job after interview more than 200 times. It proof that Tiger mums parenting way does not mean that the children can have bright ened future. Parents have responsibilities that are unique to parenthood, providing guidance and discipline for their teenagers. But they also gave a responsibility to respect their teens and treat them as persons having equal human worth and dignity. As the old saying goes that all children are ifted, parents should give more support and encourage for their offspring instead of pushing highly expectation on their child. It only makes the case worse and worse. It is a golden opportunity for parents to think twice how to up bring their child is the best. Reference List Battle Hymn of a Tiger Mom ,Amy Chu, Penguin Press, 2011 Nurturing Success Successful women of color and their daughters, Essie E. Lee, 2000 Mean Mothers, Peg Streep, 2009 Study Tiger Parenting Tough on Kids, Stephanie Pappas, 2012 http//www. livescience. com/18023-tiger-parenting-tough-kids. html